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Manual pages in linux |
Manual pages in linux.The Linux man-pages project
There is also the occasional pedantry of RTFM rudely insisting its importance. So is this notion justifiable manual pages in linux all?
However, even if they may be useful, man pages are daunting at first. This article aims to make it a bit easier manual pages in linux peruse manuals and quickly get the help you need.
Born in the по этому адресу of Unix, man — short for manual — pages were the primary source of user documentation. They were written by the developers of the software and shipped with it. Okay, that gives text. But it's still перейти на источник with weird продолжить чтение also so long that it fills up the entire terminal.
When a man page is accessed using the man command, it still fills the terminal window. But now it's easier to read. Additionally, manul is a lot of formatting: headings, bold text, italic text or underlined text.
Man pages are markup files written using a descendant of the roff syntax such as groff from the GNU Project. The syntax is a typesetting system that establishes the structure and formatting of the manual pages.
This is similar to semantic HTML for webpages. The processing involves setting the page width, text encoding, font weights and styles according to terminal support. The output is then displayed using a pager. The man command in Linux is part of the man-db suite жмите сюда packages.
There are packages in the collection to handle the various processes and also manual pages in linux an index of the installed manuals.
In most BSD systems, the mandoc project project is used instead. And it differs from man-db in various aspects. The rest of the manual pages in linux will focus only on man-db and its features and options.
As established earlier, to access a manual page, we use the man command. The simplest invocation of the command is man followed by the name of the page you want to access. Pates to access the manual for ssh. The elements of the man-db suite maintain a shared database of all manual pages that are installed on the system. It also provides the information needed by other the other manual pages in linux in man-db.
Navigation in a man page is handled entirely by the pager that is being used. By default, man uses the pager command. And in most manual pages in linux Linux systems pager is a symbolic link to less.
To close the manual at any time, simply press q on your keyboard. This quits the pager and returns to the shell. In most pagers, including less it is very easy to scroll through the page using the scroll wheel, scroll gestures and also arrow keys. Home and End are also supported. Users familiar with Vim can also use the standard keybindings for motions to navigate through the pager. Holding down the j key scrolls ih and нажмите сюда scrolls up one line at a time.
It is also possible to scroll more at a time using the keyboard, but it often makes reading difficult. But if you wish, you i press the h key to bring up less 's help screen for all the keybindings. Being comfortable with scrolling is the first step to using documentation to find information. But even so it would not be easy going through it line by line. That is where the pager's search i comes into play. The quickest way to find a particular feature or option in a man page is to search for the word.
This is useful when you are looking for an approximate "topic. By default, the case upper or lower of the pattern is ignored. But if there is an uppercase letter, the pattern is treated with case sensitivity. This behavior makes it impossible to search for a fully lowercase pattern.
And so it is sometimes useful to enable pxges searches. This can be done by pressing the hyphen-i sequence - i to toggle посмотреть больше feature.
Cycling through the instances of the search pattern по этому адресу scrolling up and down around them is a neat way to get information manual pages in linux a particular topic. Another good use of the search function is with flags. Performing a search for the pattern that begins the line with spaces and a pattern is useful to jump to the flag.
This would also be useful when auditing commands from the internet before running them. Jumping to the flag and verifying what it does. Search can also be used to quickly scroll down to a particular section of the man page.
There is a list of lihux that are found in most pages. But the common and important ones are name, synopsis, environment and files. This section has the name of the manual pages in linux or manual topic and a short description. Pafes summary of sorts. The synopsis section is a quick start guide. For applications, manual pages in linux is a description of the command line syntax. It is useful to know the conventions used in the synopsis section that illustrates how the command may be used.
All the flags listed are optional, but -A cannot be used with -B. Only one of the two may be used. Also note that -c argument means that argument is required if the -c flag is used. Читать больше only one argument may be passed to -c. Environment variables are useful for controlling the behaviour of an application. The environment section of a man подробнее на этой странице lists адрес страницы variables that manual pages in linux a given command and also their effect.
The variables that are set by the software for use by other apps are also listed. You can read more about using environment variables продолжить our guide on the export command. The files section of a man page lists and describes majual in the filesystem that are relevant to the software.
The paths are typically those of configuration files. The manual manual pages in linux for bash lists the initialization files that are parsed by the shell. The sections within a manual are not to be confused with the different sections приведу ссылку man pages.
Essentially all the manuals available on a system are categorized under sections numbered 1 through 8. And are installed to their respective folders, man1 - man8. As you can see in the screenshot below, the ls command is in section 1. Sometimes a few additional sections also exist. The best description of each section is in the man page for man itself. In most cases, it would not be necessary to specify the section. But it is possible to specify the section.
All the above are valid syntaxes of the command. On the other hand, passwd 1 would to the application to change a user's password. In cases like these, it is useful to specify the section. Often manuals direct the manual pages in linux to refer other related manuals. These references are written in the name section number format and can be easily copied and pasted into a terminal.
Manual pages in linux need to be wraped in quotes to prevent the shell from interpreting them. While the simplest invocation of man is man nameit is also possible to use flags to get different results.
The whatis command prints the short description from the manual page's NAME section. The descriptions msnual extracted and cached in the database that is shared by all man-db utilities. Similarly, man -k name is an alias to apropos name. The command searches for name in the man-db database of liinux manual pages in linux prints those that have a match. As it searches name and description of each manual, this flag would be useful to find all manuals on a topic. The --html flag can paes used to generate html output!
There are other CLI options that are listed in manual pages in linux 1 and they can be viewed using the manual pages in linux man man. Despite manual pages in linux utility, man is not always the answer. Sometimes grepping the help prompt for a term is all one needs. Manuall programs have a help prompt accessible using the --help flag. However, man remains the best way to get in-depth information.
But man is not the only answer. There have been various competing standards for software documentation.
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